Diabetes is a long-term condition in which the body cannot keep blood glucose (sugar) within a healthy range. Glucose is the body’s main fuel. A hormone called insulin, made by the pancreas, helps move glucose from the blood into the body’s cells. In diabetes, the body either does not make enough insulin, cannot use it effectively, or both. Over time, high blood glucose can damage blood vessels and nerves, which is why early understanding and regular care matter.
The main types
Type 1 diabetes
The immune system attacks the cells that make insulin, so the body makes little or none. People with Type 1 diabetes need insulin to stay well. It is often diagnosed in childhood or young adulthood, but it can appear at any age. It is not caused by diet or lifestyle.
Type 2 diabetes
The most common type. The body does not respond well to insulin (insulin resistance) and, over time, may not make enough. Genes, family history, age, body weight, physical activity and other factors all play a part. Type 2 diabetes develops gradually and is managed through a combination of healthy routines, medicines and sometimes insulin, guided by a healthcare team.
Gestational diabetes
Diabetes first noticed during pregnancy. It often settles after birth, but it raises the chance of Type 2 diabetes later, so follow-up checks are important, and both parent and baby should be followed up by their healthcare team.
Other types and prediabetes
Less common forms include diabetes caused by certain genetic conditions, diseases of the pancreas, or some medicines. Prediabetes means blood glucose is higher than usual but not yet in the diabetes range. It is a useful early warning, and many people can reduce their risk of progressing with support from their healthcare team.
Signs to be aware of
Common signs include feeling very thirsty, passing urine often, tiredness, blurred vision, slow-healing cuts, frequent infections and unexplained weight loss. Some people, especially with Type 2 diabetes, have no noticeable signs for years, so testing matters if you have risk factors such as family history, higher body weight or being over a certain age.
Only a qualified healthcare professional can diagnose diabetes. If you notice these signs or have risk factors, arrange a check. Seek urgent medical help for sudden severe symptoms such as vomiting, deep fast breathing, confusion or drowsiness.
Questions you might ask your care team
- Which type of diabetes do I have, and what does that mean for me?
- Which tests do I need, and how often?
- What are my personal targets for blood glucose or HbA1c?
- Who is on my care team, and how do I reach them between appointments?
- What should I do if I feel unwell?
Evidence & Research
- Author
- pktqu
- Published
- October 15, 2026
References
- World Health Organization. Diabetes fact sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
- International Diabetes Federation. About diabetes. https://idf.org/about-diabetes/
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Diabetes. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes
Important: This information is for general education and does not replace personalised medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Speak with an appropriate qualified healthcare professional about your health.